<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE TEI.2 SYSTEM "tei-epidoc.dtd" ><TEI.2 lang="en" id="iAph080036" n="iAph0517 ">
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<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title><rs type="textType">Letter</rs> of Severus and Caracalla to Aphrodisias</title>
 </titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><p><bibl><editor>Joyce M. <name type="surname">Reynolds</name></editor><date>1982</date></bibl></p><p>Creative Commons licence Attribution 2.5 (<xref>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/</xref>)</p><p>All reuse or distribution of this work must contain somewhere a link back to the URL <xref>http://insaph.kcl.ac.uk/</xref></p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><p>Originally published in <bibl n="jmr1982">Reynolds (<date>1982</date>)</bibl>.</p></sourceDesc>
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<profileDesc>
<langUsage>
<language id="en">English</language>
<language id="fr">French</language>
<language id="de">German</language>
<language id="grc">Ancient Greek</language>
<language id="grc-Latn">Transliterated Greek</language>
<language id="el">Modern Greek</language>
<language id="it">Italian</language>
<language id="la">Latin</language>
<language id="es">Spanish</language>
<language id="tr">Turkish</language>
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<revisionDesc>
<change><date>2007-04-01</date><respStmt><name>Charlotte Tupman</name></respStmt><item>hand tidied</item></change><change><date/><respStmt><name>GB</name></respStmt><item>hand tidied</item></change>
<change><date>2007-03-15</date><respStmt><name>Elliott Hall</name></respStmt><item>Batch converted Word2XML</item></change>
</revisionDesc></teiHeader><text>
<body>
<div type="description" n="monument">
<head>Description of Monument</head>
<p>Archive wall, column five, second course. The block to the left is substantially intact although damaged at the upper right hand corner; the block to the right is broken away and lost except for small fragments.</p>
</div>
<div type="description" n="text">
<head>Description of Text</head>
<p>Immediately below <xref type="inscription" n="516" href="080035">8.35</xref>. Surviving inscribed area <measure type="length" unit="metre" dim="width">1.31</measure> x <measure type="length" unit="metre" dim="height">0.435</measure>; lines 1, 5, 9 outspaced</p>
</div>
<div type="description" n="letters">
<head>Letters</head>
<p>second to third centuries A.D.; ave,. <measure type="length" unit="metre" dim="height">0.02</measure>; apices, ll. 2, 6, 12; diaeresis ll 2, 5 (erroneously), 6.</p>
</div>
<div type="description" n="date">
<head>Date</head>
<p>
Inscription: <date notBefore="0101" notAfter="0300" exact="none">second to third centuries A.D.</date> (<rs type="criteria">lettering</rs>, <rs type="criteria">context</rs>).


Document: 
<date value="0198" notBefore="0198" notAfter="0198" exact="both">A.D. 198</date>
 (<rs type="criteria">titulature</rs>).</p>
</div>
<div type="edition" lang="grc">
<head lang="en">Edition</head>
 <ab><lb n="1"/> <persName type="emperor"><w lemma="αὐτοκράτωρ">αὐτοκράτωρ</w> <name reg="Καῖσαρ">Καῖσαρ</name> <w lemma="θεός">θεοῦ</w> <persName type="emperor"><name reg="Μᾶρκος">Μάρκου</name> <name reg="Ἀντωνεῖνος">Ἀντωνείνου</name> <name reg="Εὐσεβής">Εὐσεβοῦς</name></persName> <name reg="Γερμανικός">Γε<supplied reason="lost">ρμανικοῦ</supplied></name>  <name reg="Σαρματικος"><supplied reason="lost">Σαρματικοῦ</supplied></name>  <w lemma="υἱός"><supplied reason="lost">υἱός</supplied></w>  <w lemma="θεός"><supplied reason="lost">θεοῦ</supplied></w>  <persName type="emperor"><name reg="Κόμμοδος">Κομ<supplied reason="lost">μό</supplied>δο<supplied reason="lost">υ</supplied></name></persName>  <w lemma="ἀδελφός">ἀδελφ<supplied reason="lost">ός</supplied></w>  <w lemma="θεός"><supplied reason="lost">θεοῦ</supplied></w>  <lb n="2"/> <persName type="emperor"><name reg="Ἀντωνεῖνος">Ἀντωνείνου</name> <name reg="Εὐσεβής">Εὐσεβοῦς</name></persName> <w lemma="υἱωνός">υἱωνός</w> <persName type="emperor"><w lemma="θεός">θεοῦ</w> <name reg="Ἁδριανός">Ἁδριανοῦ</name></persName> <w lemma="ἔκγονος">ἔκγον<supplied reason="lost">ος</supplied></w>  <persName type="emperor"><w lemma="θεός"><supplied reason="lost">θεοῦ</supplied></w>  <name reg="Τραιανός"><supplied reason="lost">Τραϊανο</supplied>ῦ</name>  <name reg="Παρθικός">Παρθι<supplied reason="lost">κοῦ</supplied></name></persName>  <w lemma="καί"><supplied reason="lost">καὶ</supplied></w>  <persName type="emperor"><w lemma="θεός"><supplied reason="lost">θεοῦ</supplied></w>  <name reg="Νέρβα"><supplied reason="lost">Νέρ</supplied>ουα</name></persName>  <w lemma="ἀπόγονος">ἀ<unclear reason="damage">π</unclear><supplied reason="lost">όγονος</supplied></w>  <lb n="3"/> <name reg="Λούκιος">Λούκιος</name> <name reg="Σεπτίμιος">Σεπτίμιος</name> <name reg="Σεβῆρος">Σεουῆρος</name> <name reg="Εὐσεβής">Εὐσεβὴς</name> <name reg="Περτίναξ">Περτίναξ</name> <w lemma="σεβαστός">Σεβασ<supplied reason="lost">τός</supplied></w>  <name reg="Ἀραβικός"><supplied reason="lost">Ἀραβικός</supplied></name>  <name reg="Ἀδιαβηνικός"><supplied reason="lost">Ἀδιαβηνικός</supplied></name>  <name reg="Παρθικός"><supplied reason="lost">Παρθικὸς</supplied></name>  <w lemma="μέγας"><supplied reason="lost">μέ</supplied>γιστο<supplied reason="lost">ς</supplied></w>  <w lemma="ἀρχιερεύς"><supplied reason="lost">ἀρχιε</supplied>  <lb type="worddiv" n="4"/>ρεὺς</w> <w lemma="μέγας">μέγιστος</w> <w lemma="δημαρχικός">δημαρχικῆς</w> <w lemma="ἐξουσία">ἐξουσίας</w> <w lemma="ὁ">τὸ</w> <num value="6">Ϛ</num> <w lemma="αὐτοκράτωρ">αὐτοκράτωρ</w> <w lemma="ὁ">τὸ</w> <num value="11"><supplied reason="lost">ια</supplied></num>  <w lemma="ὕπατος"><supplied reason="lost">ὕπατος</supplied></w>  <w lemma="ὁ"><supplied reason="lost">τὸ</supplied></w>  <num value="2"><supplied reason="lost">β</supplied></num>  <w lemma="πατήρ"><supplied reason="lost">π</supplied>ατὴ<supplied reason="lost">ρ</supplied></w>  <w lemma="πατρίς"><supplied reason="lost">πα</supplied>τρίδος</w>  <w lemma="ἀνθύπατος">ἀ<unclear reason="damage">ν</unclear>θύπ<supplied reason="lost">ατος</supplied></w></persName>  <w lemma="καί"><supplied reason="lost">καὶ</supplied></w>   <lb n="5"/> <persName type="emperor"><w lemma="αὐτοκράτωρ">αὐτοκράτωρ</w> <name reg="Καῖσαρ">Καῖσαρ</name> <persName type="emperor"><name reg="Λούκιος" type="praenomen">Λουκίου</name> <name reg="Σεπτίμιος">Σεπτιμίου</name> <name reg="Σεουῆρος">Σεουήρου</name><name reg="Εὐσεβής">Εὐσεβοῦς</name><name reg="Περτίναξ"><supplied reason="lost">Περ</supplied><unclear reason="damage">τ</unclear><unclear reason="damage">ί</unclear>να<supplied reason="lost">κος</supplied></name><name reg="Σεβαστός"><supplied reason="lost">Σεβασ</supplied><unclear reason="damage">τ</unclear>οῦ</name><name reg="Ἀραβικός"><unclear reason="damage">Ἀ</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ραβικ</supplied>οῦ</name>  <name reg="Ἀδιαβηνικός">Ἀδιαβ<supplied reason="lost">ην</supplied>ι<unclear 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n="7"/>βοῦς</name></persName> <w lemma="ἔγγονος">ἔγγονος</w> <persName type="emperor"><w lemma="θεός">θεοῦ</w> <name reg="Ἁδριανός">Ἁδριανοῦ</name></persName> <w lemma="καί">καὶ</w> <persName type="emperor"><w lemma="θεός">θεοῦ</w> <name reg="Τραιανός">Τραϊανοῦ</name> <name reg="Παρθικός">Παρθικοῦ</name> <w lemma="καί">καὶ</w></persName> <persName type="emperor"><w lemma="θεός">θεοῦ</w> <name reg="Νέρβα">Νέρο<supplied reason="lost">υα</supplied></name></persName>  <w lemma="ἀπόγονος">ἀπ<supplied reason="lost">όγονος</supplied></w>  <persName type="emperor"><name reg="Μᾶρκος"><supplied reason="lost">Μᾶρκος</supplied></name>  <name reg="Αὐρήλιος"><unclear reason="damage">Α</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ὐρ</supplied>ή<unclear reason="damage">λ</unclear><unclear reason="damage">ι</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ος</supplied></name>  <name reg="Ἀντωνεῖνος"><supplied reason="lost">Ἀντωνεῖνος</supplied></name>  <lb n="8"/> <name reg="Σεβαστός">Σεβαστός</name></persName></persName> <w lemma="δημαρχικός">δημαρχικῆς</w> <w lemma="ἐξουσία">ἐξουσίας</w> <w lemma="ἀνθύπατος">ἀνθύπατος</w> <placeName type="ethnic" reg="Ἀφροδεισιεύς">Ἀφ<supplied reason="lost">ρ</supplied>ο<supplied reason="lost">δ</supplied>εισιέων</placeName> <w lemma="ὁ">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ἄρχων">ἄρχο<unclear reason="damage">υ</unclear><supplied reason="lost">σι</supplied></w>  <w lemma="καί"><supplied reason="lost">καὶ</supplied></w>  <w lemma="ὁ"><supplied reason="lost">τῇ</supplied></w>  <w lemma="βουλή"><supplied reason="lost">βουλῇ</supplied></w>  <w lemma="καί"><supplied reason="lost">καὶ</supplied></w>  <w lemma="ὁ"><supplied reason="lost">τῷ</supplied></w>  <w lemma="δῆμος"><supplied reason="lost">δήμῳ</supplied></w>  <w lemma="χαίρω"><supplied reason="lost">χαίρειν</supplied></w>  <supplied reason="lost"><space extent="3" unit="character"/></supplied>  <lb n="9"/> <w lemma="πάνυ">πάνυ</w> <w lemma="ὁ">τῶν</w> <w lemma="εἰκός">εἰκότων</w> <w lemma="εἰμί">ἦν</w> <w lemma="θεός">θεὸν</w> <w lemma="ὑμεῖς">ὑμᾶς</w> <w lemma="προσκυνέω">προσκυνοῦντας</w> <w>παρ’</w> <w lemma="ὅς">ἧς</w> <w lemma="ὁ">ἡ</w> <w lemma="εὐγένεια">εὐγέ<supplied reason="lost">ν</supplied><unclear reason="damage">ε</unclear>ια</w>  <orig n="unresolved"><unclear reason="damage">ι</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" extent="15" unit="character"/> <w lemma="ἥδομαι"><supplied reason="lost" cert="low">ἡσθῆναι</supplied></w>  <w lemma="ἐπί"><supplied reason="lost" cert="low">ἐπὶ</supplied></w>  <w lemma="ὁ"><supplied reason="lost">τοῖς</supplied></w>  <w/><supplied reason="lost">περὶ</supplied> <lb n="10"/> <w lemma="ὁ">τῶν</w> <w lemma="αὐτός">βαρβάρων</w> <w lemma="κατορθόω">κατωρθωμένοις</w> <w lemma="καί">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ἑορτή">ἑορτὴν</w> <w>ἐπ’</w> <w lemma="αὐτός">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="κοινός">κοινὴν</w> <w lemma="σύν">σ<supplied reason="lost">ὺν</supplied></w>  <w lemma="πᾶς"><supplied reason="lost">πάσῃ</supplied></w>  <w lemma="ὁ"><supplied reason="lost">τῇ</supplied></w>  <w lemma="οἰκουμένη"><supplied reason="lost" cert="low">οἰκουμένῃ</supplied></w>  <w lemma="ἄγω"><supplied reason="lost">ἄγοντας</supplied></w>  <w lemma="ἐπιστέλλω"><supplied reason="lost" cert="low">ἐπιστεῖλαι</supplied></w>  <w lemma="διά"><supplied reason="lost">διὰ</supplied></w>  <lb n="11"/> <w lemma="ψήφισμα">ψηφίσματος</w> <w lemma="ὡς">ὡς</w> <w lemma="οἶδα">εἰδείημεν</w> <w lemma="ὑμεῖς">ὑμῶν</w> <w lemma="ὁ">τὴν</w> <w lemma="εὐσέβεια">εὐσέβειαν</w> <w lemma="ὁ">τὰ</w> <w lemma="ὑπάρχω">ὑπάρχοντα</w> <w lemma="δίκαιος">δίκ<unclear reason="damage">α</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ια</supplied></w>  <w lemma="ὁ"><supplied reason="lost">τῇ</supplied></w>  <w lemma="πόλις"><supplied reason="lost">πόλει</supplied></w>  <w lemma="ὑμεῖς"><supplied reason="lost">ὑμῶν</supplied></w>  <w lemma="μένω"><supplied reason="lost">μεμενηκότα</supplied></w>  <w lemma="μέχρι"><supplied reason="lost">μέχρι</supplied></w>  <w lemma="ὁ"><supplied reason="lost">τῆς</supplied></w>  <lb n="12"/> <space extent="3"/> <w lemma="ἡμέτερος">ἡμετέρας</w> <w lemma="ἀρχή">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="ἀσάλευτος">ἀσάλευτα</w> <w lemma="καί">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ἐγώ">ἡμεῖς</w> <w lemma="φυλάσσω">φυλάττομεν</w> <lb n="13"/><orig n="unresolved">κ<unclear reason="damage">λ</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <w lemma="εὐτυχέω"><supplied reason="lost">εὐτυχεῖτε</supplied></w><gap reason="lost" extent="1" unit="character"/><supplied reason="lost" cert="low"><space extent="3"/></supplied></ab>
</div>

<div type="translation">
<head>Translation</head>
<p>Imperator Caesar L. Septimius Severus, Pius, Pertinax, Augustus, [Arabicus, Adiabenicus, Parthicus] maximus, [son] of divus Marcus Antoninus Pius, Ge[rmanicus, Sarmaticus], brother [of divus] Com[mo]dus, grandson of [divus] Antoninus Pius, great grandson of divus Hadrianus, [descendant] of [divus Traianus Parthicus and divus Ner]va, Pontifex Maximus, holding tribunician power for the sixth time, acclaimed victor for the [eleventh time, consul for the second time,] father of his country, proconsul, [and] lmperator Caesar M. Aureli[us Antoninus] Augustus, son of L. Septimius Severus, Pius, [Per]tina[x, Augustu]s, A[rabic]us, Adiab[enicu]s, [Parthi]cus maximus, grandson of M. Antoninus Pius, German[ic]us, Sarm[aticus], great grandson of divus Antoninus Pius, descendant of] divus Hadrianus, of divus Trajanus Parthicus and of divus Nerva, holding the tribunician power, proconsul, to the Magistrates, [Council and People] of the Aphrodisians, greetings.</p>
<p>It was entirely likely that you who worship a goddess from whom the nobility [.. ? .. rejoiced in our] successes [over] the barbarians and [conducted] a festival to celebrate them in common [?with your neighbours and sent to us though your] decree so that we should know your piety. The existing rights [of your city which have endured up to] our reign we too preserve unchanged [.. ? .. ?Farewell].</p>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<head>Commentary</head>
<p>See <title>Aphrodisias and Rome</title>, 124-127.</p>
</div>
<div type="history" n="locations">
<head>Locations</head>
<p>
<rs type="found"><rs type="monuList">Theatre</rs>: north parodos wall; fragments fallen in front of wall, or re-used in the Byzantine defence wall.</rs>
<rs type="origLocation"><rs type="monuList">Theatre</rs>: north parodos wall</rs>
<rs type="lastLocation">Findspot; fragments in Museum</rs>
</p>
</div>
<div type="history" n="text-constituted-from">
<head>Text Constituted From</head>
<p>transcription (Reynolds)This edition: Reynolds (2007)</p>
</div>
<div type="history" n="record">
<head>History of Recording</head>
<p>Recorded by the NYU expedition in 1967, and fragments found over subsequent years (<rs type="invNo">67.449</rs>, <rs type="invNo">69.315</rs>, <rs type="invNo">69.458</rs>, <rs type="invNo">69.459</rs>, <rs type="invNo">69.460</rs>, <rs type="invNo">69.463</rs>, <rs type="invNo">76.62</rs>, <rs type="invNo">76.107</rs>, <rs type="invNo">76.196</rs>.1-8)</p>
</div>
<div type="bibliography">
<head>Bibliography</head>
<p>Published by <bibl n="jmr1982">Reynolds, A&amp;R <biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl> whence <bibl>Mitchell, <title>CR</title> 34, 1984, 296 (l. 10)</bibl>; <bibl n="seg">SEG 32, <biblScope>1982.1097</biblScope></bibl>, <bibl n="be">BE <biblScope>1983.378</biblScope></bibl>, <bibl n="anep">AnnEpig <biblScope>1984, 871</biblScope></bibl>, <bibl n="PHI"><author>McCabe</author> <title level="m">PHI Aphrodisias</title>  <biblScope n="256932">54</biblScope>
</bibl>. Discussed by <bibl>C.P. Jones in V. Fromentin and S. Gottelend edd., <title>Origines Gentium</title> (Bordeaux 2001) 183</bibl>, whence <bibl n="seg">SEG <biblScope>2001.1492</biblScope></bibl>.</p>
</div>
<div type="figure" n="photographs">
<head>Photographs</head>
<p> <figure href="77_M_16A"><figDesc>Left end in situ, view below <xref type="inscription" n="516" href="080035">8.35</xref>, above <xref type="inscription" n="518" href="080037">8.37</xref>, <xref type="inscription" n="519" href="080099">8.99</xref>, <xref type="inscription" n="521" href="080103">8.103</xref> (1977)</figDesc></figure><figure href="77_M_20A"><figDesc>Left end in situ, view below <xref type="inscription" n="516" href="080035">8.35</xref> (1977)</figDesc></figure><figure href="77_M_22A"><figDesc>Left end in situ, view below <xref type="inscription" n="516" href="080035">8.35</xref>, above <xref type="inscription" n="518" href="080037">8.37</xref> (1977)</figDesc></figure><figure href="77_M_21A"><figDesc>Left end in situ, view above <xref type="inscription" n="518" href="080037">8.37</xref>, <xref type="inscription" n="519" href="080099">8.99</xref>, <xref type="inscription" n="521" href="080103">8.103</xref> (1977)</figDesc></figure><figure href="76_A_24A"><figDesc>Fragment, lines 1-4 (1976)</figDesc></figure><figure href="77_M_15A"><figDesc>Lines 1-12, with end of <xref type="inscription" n="516" href="080035">8.35</xref> (1977)</figDesc></figure><figure href="HUMS003679"><figDesc>Archive Wall view (1994)</figDesc></figure></p>
</div></body></text>
</TEI.2>